Friday, October 13, 2017

Alloy





Article Contents:

Structure of Alloys
Solid Solution
Inter-metallic Compounds
Multiphase Alloys
Ion-implantation Alloys
Properties of Alloys
Brass Alloy
Bronze Alloy
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An alloy is a mixture or solution of metals that may also include other chemical elements. Well-known alloys are brass, bronze, and stainless steel. Alloys consisting of metals alloyed with some metals, such as arsenic or antimony, or with non metals, such as carbon or silicon, are widely used. Alloys are divided into two basic groups: ferrous alloys, containing iron as the elemental metal, and nonferrous alloys, containing a metal other than iron, such as copper or titanium.

Structure of Alloys

Most components of alloys are partially miscible (capable of being mixed) or even completely miscible in the liquid state. Different types of alloys can be distinguished, depending on the degree of homogenization in the solid state.

Solid Solution

These are relatively hard alloys in which the atoms of the components are randomly mixed throughout the crystals.

Inter-metallic Compounds

In these alloys the atoms of the different compounds alternate regularly in the crystal lattice. Inter-metallic compound on alloy is a solid state compound exhibiting metallic bonding, defined in chemistry is an ordered structure. On the crystal structure among different metal ion in the compound can link each other, this simply named as alloys.

Multi-phase Alloys

A multi-phase alloy consist of a mechanical mixture or mixed phase of two or more kind of crystals with different composition. Its structure and properties depend markedly on the cooling rate of the molten mass.

Ion-implantation Alloys

Metal surfaces can be hardened and made more corrosion resistant by treating them with beams of selected ions, producing a surface alloy without changing the properties of the underlying material.

Properties of Alloys





A wide range of metal properties can be controlled by alloying, such as mechanical strength, corrosion-resistance, and electrical characteristics. An example of the change achievable in mechanical properties by alloying is the AMALGAM used for dental work. Alloys were first used to improve the mechanical strengths of metals, for example bronze and brass. The tensile strength of iron can be nearly quadrupled by adding only a small amount of carbon.

For aircraft and aerospace applications, titanium alloys have been developed with tensile strengths up to 1400 x 108 N/m2, with density only 60 % of steel. The development of jet engines, with their high internal temperatures, was made possible by the availability of super-alloys based on nickel and cobalt, which are use for turbine blades.

Alloys with low melting temperatures can be made by using lead, cadmium, bismuth, and other low melting temperature metals. Various metal and ceramic alloys are also use as superconductor. Common alloy that use in industry and house hold such as Brass and Bronze.

Brass Alloy

Brass alloy
Brass alloy
Brass is an alloy consisting of 50% or more of copper, to which zinc and smaller amounts of other elements usually tin, lean, or aluminum have been added. Bronze is a copper base alloy where tin, rather than zinc, is used). The color, strength, machine-ability, and corrosion resistance of brass are determined by the percentage of zinc and other metals present.

 

Bronze Alloy

bronze alloy
Bronze alloy
Bronze is among the oldest artificially produced alloys. It is narrowest definition, bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, with or without small proportions of other elements such as zinc and phosphorous. Certain copper base alloys containing more manganese, iron, lead, or zinc than tin are also regarded as bronzes. Even some alloys that contain no tin are considered bronzes in modern usage, including aluminum bronze (copper aluminum) and silicon bronze (copper silicon). Some copper-base alloys that are actually brasses have been given bronze trade names, such as architectural bronze (57% copper, 40% zinc, 3% lead) and commercial bronze ( 90% copper, 10% zinc).

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